What action is most effective in preventing lead exposure in high-risk areas?

Encapsulation of lead sources is the most effective action in preventing lead exposure in high-risk areas because it involves applying a barrier over lead-based paint or lead-contaminated surfaces, sealing in the lead and preventing it from becoming airborne or being ingested. This method is particularly useful in older buildings or homes where lead paint is present, as it minimizes the risk of exposure without the need for disturbance that can occur during removal.

By effectively creating a barrier, encapsulation allows for safer occupancy of the space while also delaying the need for more extensive remediation, which can be more complicated and costly. It is a strategic approach that can significantly reduce lead dust and chips, addressing the problem proactively.

Other options, while they may have their benefits in certain contexts, are not as comprehensive in managing lead hazards. Regular cleanup without professional assistance might only provide a short-term solution and could risk improper handling of lead dust. Air purifiers can help with air quality but do not remove lead sources directly. Removing cosmetic items, such as paint or decor, does not address the root of the issue with lead exposure and can be quite impractical when dealing with significant lead hazards. Thus, encapsulation remains a crucial strategy for long-term safety in environments with known lead risks.